The foundation and rise of the Ottoman Empire is a period of history that started with the emergence of the Ottoman principality in c. 1299, and ended circa 1453. This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia, and its transformation from a small principality on the Byzantine frontier into an empire spanning the Balkans, Anatolia and North Africa. The foundation of Ottoman Empire was laid by Ertugrul Ghazi the son of the leader of the nomadic Kayi tribe and later on by his son Osman Ghazi
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